Showing posts with label Old City/Society Hill. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Old City/Society Hill. Show all posts
Monday, June 14, 2010
Then and Now: Southwest corner of 3rd and Arch Streets, Philadelphia
On October 13, 1856, a jewelry merchant named George Gordon purchased a four-story warehouse building at 300 Arch Street. By November 20, just over a month later, the original structure had been demolished, and construction had begun on a five-story replacement later known as the George Gordon Building. The Gordon Building is a relatively early work of cast-iron commercial architecture, whose popularity peaked later in the 19th century.
The building had a fairly narrow frontage on Arch Street measuring less than 16 feet (15'-9''). Standing in the pocket park in its place today, it's a bit difficult to imagine that any substantial structure once stood here. After falling into substantial decay, the lot was purchased in 1962 by the Religious Society of Friends, which owned the adjacent 5-story office building at 302-304 Arch Street, as well as the Arch Street Meeting House occupying the rest of the block. The presence of a vacant and deteriorating warehouse adjacent to the Friends' properties posed a growing safety concern, and it was likely for this reason that the Gordon Building was demolished the following year.
A horizontally aligned comparison may be found here.
Source: "George Gordon Building." Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) no. PA,51-PHILA,258. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer.
Original photograph: Robinson, Cervin. "PA-1065 - North and east elevations." 1959. Historic American Buildings Survey. American Memory. Library of Congress. 12 June 2010. http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/pa/pa0700/pa0739/photos/137620pv.jpg.
Thursday, June 3, 2010
Then and Now: Dock Street west of Second Street, Philadelphia
After being cleared in the early 1960s, this segment of Dock Street as it appears today was rebuilt by the late local real estate developer and film enthusiast, Ramon L. Posel. In 1976, Posel opened the Ritz Three theater at the southwest corner of Dock and Walnut Streets (left of photo), followed in 1977 by a complementary two-story retail building across Dock Street. According to PAB, the retail building was designed by the now obscure architectural firm of Egli & Pratt; I haven't been able to find much on the architects of the Ritz. Nonetheless, both of the glass and brick buildings were designed in a similar style, accented with white steel beams that evoke a certain maritime feel.
Today, Posel's Ritz chain is usually credited with single-handedly building Philadelphia's market for independent and international films. Posel himself was instrumental in crafting the cinema and its mission, and expended significant personal effort to support his brainchild in the face of initial difficulties, for it took seven years for the Ritz Three to turn its first profit. In 1985, the theater was expanded and renamed as the Ritz Five, and the chain continued to grow into the 90s with the openings of the Ritz at the Bourse and the Ritz East. The Ritz chain has certainly been a great success story for urban cinemas during an era where success has generally been the exception to the rule. In 2007, two years after Posel's death, the movie houses were acquired by Landmark Theatres, which has chosen to preserve the Ritz name.
Sources:
1. Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
2. Rickey, Carrie. "Ritz cinema founder Ramon L. Posel dies - Posel's Ritz theaters made region a top art-film destination." Philadelphia Inquirer. 24 Jun. 2005: A01.
3. Van Allen, Peter. "Lamberti's cucina to taste new name, look and menu." Philadelphia Business Journal. 15 Oct. 2004. http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2004/10/18/story8.html.
Original photo: Cuneo. "Department of Public Property-38863-0." 1959. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 27 Feb. 2010. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=141455.
Friday, April 23, 2010
Then and Now: Betsy Ross House, 239 Arch Street, Philadelphia
As far as museums go, the Betsy Ross House is one of Philadelphia's oldest, and has been at least partially open to the public since 1898. The building went through a major renovation in 1937, which included a redesigned facade designed by Colonial Revival specialist Richardson Brognard Okie. Shortly afterward, the former warehouse properties on its western side were demolished and replaced with a new courtyard for the museum. The Berger Brothers warehouse on the other side was demolished sometime after 1964, giving the 18th-century house even more "breathing room."
A quick history of the building [Betsy Ross House]
The original (extremely hi-res) image [Shorpy]
Original photo: Detroit Photographic Company. "012944-Betsy Ross House, Philadelphia." 1900. Shorpy Historic Photo Archive. 22 Apr. 2010. http://www.shorpy.com/files/images/4a08439a.jpg.
Wednesday, April 21, 2010
Then and Now: The Merchants Exchange viewed from Dock Street, Philadelphia
The Merchants Exchange was commissioned in 1831 by the Philadelphia Exchange Company, a group of prominent merchants who had organized for the purpose of building a main brokerage hall for Philadelphia's fast-growing commercial center. Built between the city's waterfront and its banking district on Chestnut Street, the Exchange stood at the very epicenter of Philadelphia's commercial core for the four decades that followed. The building was also the last major commission in Philadelphia awarded to William Strickland, a preeminent figure in the development of Greek Revival architecture in the United States. Thanks in part to its irregular plot at the corner of Walnut and Dock Streets, Strickland's original design included a striking semi-circular portico on its eastern facade, topped off with a lantern replicating the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens.
The building changed hands several times in the first century of its life, undergoing multiple interior and exterior alterations. Upon its repurchase by the Philadelphia Stock Exchange in 1901, the lantern was dismantled and a redesigned version was built somewhat to the east of its original location. In 1922, long after Philadelphia's center of business had moved to Broad Street, it joined Dock Street's produce market as the Produce Exchange, and ground floor sheds were added to its eastern facade.
In 1952, the building came under the ownership of the National Park Service, which removed the produce sheds and began a full renovation of the building's exterior. Several years later, the 1901 lantern was dismantled and replaced by a replica of the original in its original location. The former Merchants Exchange is now used as offices for the Park Service.
Few of the Exchange's immediate neighbors in 1939 were fortunate enough to survive the rest of the 20th century. Only one other building visible in the original photo still stands today, the First Bank of the United States on Third Street.
Source: Zana C. Wolf and Charles Tonetti. "National Historic Landmark Nomination: Merchants' Exchange Building." 2000. National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. 20 Apr. 2010. http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/pa/MEB.pdf.
Original photo: Nichols, Frederick D. "PA-1028-1-General View." 1939. Historic American Buildings Survey. American Memory. The Library of Congress. 20 Apr. 2010. http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/pa/pa1000/pa1045/photos/137107pv.jpg.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Then and Now: Northwest corner of 2nd and Market Streets, Philadelphia
One of the most important consequences of the City Beautiful movement was an enduring affinity among city planners for open spaces, grand axes, and vistas, which lasted well through the 20th century. Aesthetic preferences, however, tend to be poor justifications for massive and costly urban renewal projects within democratic societies. Thus, 20th century planners developed alternative methods of selling their ideas. Just as "insalubrity" became the ostensive target of Parisian renewal schemes, "fire protection" obtained great currency in Philadelphia.
In the 40s and 50s, the protection of national monuments against the risk of fire became a chief justification voiced in favor of the complete clearance of whole city blocks around Independence Hall and nearby sites. In the name of fire protection, the National Park Service demolished around 1960 this row of commercial buildings between Christ Church and Market Street. Fire protection is surely a very legitimate concern when it comes to buildings of historical significance like Christ Church. However, few people today would find it an entirely rational justification for the razing of an active city block.
The northwest corner of 2nd and Market has now been an enclosed pocket park for half a century. The park space itself is rather pleasant, if not somewhat underused, and it certainly does improve the church's visibility from the south. Nonetheless, the cumulative effect of the excessive presence of grassy "firebreaks" around Old City's landmarks seems to present visitors with a misleading vision of a colonial city that does not feel particularly urban.
Further reading: Greiff, Constance M. Independence: The Creation of a National Park. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1987.
Original photo: Cuneo. "Department of Public Property-37331-0." 1959. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 15 Mar. 2010. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=140645.
Friday, March 12, 2010
Then and Now: Northeast corner of 4th and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia
Constitution Place was one of the earliest projects of Philadelphia's post-war modernist construction boom, built in 1956 over the remains of four mid-19th century commercial buildings on what was once the city's "Banker's Row." Construction of the 13-story office tower also coincided with the beginning of large-scale demolition on the south side of Chestnut Street leading up to the construction of Independence National Historic Park.
More recently, Constitution Place hosted a key player in Philadelphia's restaurant renaissance; since 1998, it has housed Stephen Starr's ever-popular Buddakan restaurant.
Source: Walsh, Thomas J. "Constitution Place turnaround is done." Philadelphia Business Journal. 16 Apr. 1999.
http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/1999/04/19/newscolumn3.html.
Original photo: Mallis, Atheniasis T. "Public Works-42512-1." 1954. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 23 Feb. 2010. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=99155.
Monday, March 1, 2010
Then and Now: Dock Street northwest of Mattis Street, Philadelphia
1962-2010
(continued from previous post)
Dock Street's 100 block was rebuilt in two phases after its demolition. The rubble had barely cleared when the I. M. Pei-designed Society Hill Towers (1964) began to rise, set back from the street on an artificial hill. The triangular lot on the opposite side of Dock Street remained a surface parking lot for two decades before the opening of the Sheraton Society Hill Hotel in 1986, developed by regional mega-developer Willard Rouse.
Modernist urban renewal wasn't particularly keen on complexity or historical context. In their eagerness to "preserve" Society Hill as a refined, leafy, residential neighborhood, city planners chose to honor one peculiar vision of the colonial city that was oddly enough devoid of any serious commercial activity. Perhaps it was due to a bitter recognition that Philadelphia's time as a manufacturing powerhouse was over that the city's urban renewal efforts seemed particularly intent on eliminating all traces of the city's mercantile and industrial heritage. The photograph below, taken in 1961 from Front and Spruce Streets, gives a pretty good idea of the enormous amount of demolition needed to build Society Hill as we know it today.
Which probably makes Dock Street's fate all the more unfortunate. Its great width once made it a critical transfer point for goods coming into the port of Philadelphia. Now severed from the Delaware River by I-95, having lost all of its former street wall, today's Dock Street has also lost much of its reason for being. Unknowing visitors who now stroll along its wide, curving, Belgian block path could be easily forgiven for their bewilderment as to why it exists, seemingly outside of any meaningful context. If they were shown a few pre-war photographs, they could also be forgiven for their shock and disbelief.
Source: Bymes, Gregory R. "Rouse planning more hotels in Center City." Philadelphia Inquirer. 4 Dec. 1985: E01.
Photographs:
1. Widdop. "Historic Commission-47668-0." 1962. Philadelphia City Archives. Phillyhistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 27 Feb. 2010. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=107111.
2. Widdop. "Historic Commission-44551-0." 1961. Philadelphia City Archives. Phillyhistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 27 Feb. 2010. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=10573.
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Then and Now: Second and Dock Streets looking east, Philadelphia
The first of a series of posts:
There is too much that can be written on the heritage of Philadelphia's Dock Street, which, like its snaking path through the city's rigid grid, defies a simple explanation. Originally a natural creek along the banks of the Delaware, it was settled by industrial activity during the early 18th century, which quickly reduced the waterway to a hazardous pool of pollution and filth. Eventually, the city legislature took action, and Dock Creek became the first of the city's many streams to be converted to a sewer. By 1784, most of its winding route had been paved over and replaced by the new Dock Street.
Dock Street remained at the heart of Philadelphia's working riverfront throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Thanks to its easy access to the Delaware river, and a generously wide roadbed, it became home to the city's primary wholesale food market and distribution center. By the post-war era, however, the aging and dilapidated Dock Street Market was long past its prime, just as planners had begun to assemble massive urban renewal schemes for the city's depressed historic core. In the mid-50s, the food distributors had been relocated to a new facility in South Philadelphia, and the street's warehouses between Front and Third Streets were completely razed several years later. The original photograph was taken between the market's closing and its demolition - note the many cars parked in spaces once used as loading docks.
An amazing view of Dock Street in its heyday [Shorpy]
Sources:
1. Garvin, Alexander. "The Architect of Society Hill." Next American City. Apr. 2005. 24 Feb. 2010. http://americancity.org/magazine/article/last-exit-society-hill-garvin/.
2. Levine, Adam. "Dock Creek Sewer in 1849." Philly H2O. 24 Feb. 2010. http://www.phillyh2o.org/backpages/DockCreek_1849.htm.
Original image: Cuneo. "Department of Public Property-38861-0." 1959. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 24 Feb. 2010. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=141451.
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Then and Now: 4th and Market Streets looking south, Philadelphia
As the result of the gradual replacement of older buildings with poorly-designed new additions with minimal ground-floor retail presence, 4th Street suffers from an excess of blank walls and the typically moribund street life that plagues Old City's western edge. The boxy Continental Building (1970) on the southwest corner of 4th and Market is just about as bland as Modernism could ever get. I'm not sure when the WTXF/Fox 29 building was built across 4th street, yet its deadening effect upon the street wall is equally regrettable.
Original photo: "Department of City Transit-39516-0." 1959. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. 2 Sep. 2009. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=33335.
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
Thoughts on the Shirt Corner
Another page turns for Old City Philadelphia. Michael Klein at the Insider reported a week ago that the Shirt Corner, the landmark business at the northeast corner of 3rd and Market, would be closing shortly as its owner is entering retirement. At the time, Phoodie floated the unpleasant rumor that the long-time bastion of Old City's pre-gentrification era businesses could be replaced by none other than a decidedly un-hip Applebee's outpost. However, it looks like the truth may be much worse, as Inga Saffron reports in today's Inquirer.
Okay, so the Shirt Corner's buildings aren't very pretty. Even in their original, unaltered state, they would have none of the height, vast windows, or cast-iron flair of the late-19th century commercial and manufacturing buildings that Old City is known for. But a brief stroll in the neighborhood (or on Google Street View) should tell you that the district has just as many or perhaps more non-descript brick buildings standing around that in effect contribute no less to its lively and eclectic streetscape, and are no less part of its architectural heritage.
Thus, I find Farnham's statement rather alarming. During its urban renewal days, neighboring Society Hill lost plenty of its Victorian-era architecture to liberal destruction of buildings deemed "not key to the district's character." This strange desire for homogeneity in historic districts is all too common, and when acted upon, always tends to create overly artificial and somewhat sanitized neighborhoods. Plain as the buildings in question are, they testify honestly to Old City's industrial 19th-century history.
In addition, remnants of this era have unfortunately fared very badly elsewhere on Market Street. The north half of the 100 block was entirely demolished in the construction of Penn's Landing, as was a good portion everything between 3rd and 5th, including the entire 400 block. Market Street in Old City by no means needs to lose any more of its 19th-century buildings than it already has. Lastly, historical replicas seem more often than not to be done rather poorly, and I am highly wary of the possibility of seeing one here.
I'm sure that the buildings will not be simple to readapt, but I can't bring myself to accept demolition as an answer. What is to prevent the developer from demolishing the buildings and failing to follow through with construction plans? Will we perhaps get a nice surface parking lot? It's hardly out of the question in this economic climate. I say it's a risk that Philadelphia simply cannot afford to take.
Shirt Corner closing, site's future in play [Philadelphia Inquirer]
Although the properties remain in the hands of the Shirt Corner's 77-year-old owner, Marvin Ginsberg, a potential buyer is scheduled to appear today before a Historical Commission subcommittee to request permission to tear down the row of mid-19th-century structures.Though the request today will likely be denied since the buyer, Avi Nechemia, has failed to submit all required documentation, things might not stay that way for long...
Were Nechemia to supply the information, there are indications that the demolition could eventually win approval from the commission. In its one-page analysis, the Historical Commission's advisory staff pointedly noted that "this application has some merit."Historical Commission Executive Director Jonathan Farnham doesn't seem to see particular importance in the existing structures either, claiming that they "themselves are not key to the district's character."
...Though the plan involves tearing out a big chunk of Market Street's original commercial fabric, Nechemia is promising to replace the lost buildings with a faithful replica that disguises a modern interior.
Okay, so the Shirt Corner's buildings aren't very pretty. Even in their original, unaltered state, they would have none of the height, vast windows, or cast-iron flair of the late-19th century commercial and manufacturing buildings that Old City is known for. But a brief stroll in the neighborhood (or on Google Street View) should tell you that the district has just as many or perhaps more non-descript brick buildings standing around that in effect contribute no less to its lively and eclectic streetscape, and are no less part of its architectural heritage.
Thus, I find Farnham's statement rather alarming. During its urban renewal days, neighboring Society Hill lost plenty of its Victorian-era architecture to liberal destruction of buildings deemed "not key to the district's character." This strange desire for homogeneity in historic districts is all too common, and when acted upon, always tends to create overly artificial and somewhat sanitized neighborhoods. Plain as the buildings in question are, they testify honestly to Old City's industrial 19th-century history.
In addition, remnants of this era have unfortunately fared very badly elsewhere on Market Street. The north half of the 100 block was entirely demolished in the construction of Penn's Landing, as was a good portion everything between 3rd and 5th, including the entire 400 block. Market Street in Old City by no means needs to lose any more of its 19th-century buildings than it already has. Lastly, historical replicas seem more often than not to be done rather poorly, and I am highly wary of the possibility of seeing one here.
I'm sure that the buildings will not be simple to readapt, but I can't bring myself to accept demolition as an answer. What is to prevent the developer from demolishing the buildings and failing to follow through with construction plans? Will we perhaps get a nice surface parking lot? It's hardly out of the question in this economic climate. I say it's a risk that Philadelphia simply cannot afford to take.
Shirt Corner closing, site's future in play [Philadelphia Inquirer]
Friday, November 21, 2008
Then and Now: 300 block of Market Street, Philadelphia
Today, the brick buildings that stand at 314-322 Market Street and their enclosed courtyard are well known as Franklin Court, a museum run by the National Park Service in honor of Benjamin Franklin on the site of the home which he built for himself. In the courtyard is the famous metal "ghost" of Franklin's house, designed by the firm of Robert Venturi and completed in 1976. Less known, however is the fact that the brick faux-colonial buildings on Market Street are also reconstructions from the 70s.
Original Photo: "Historic Commission-12380-3." 1971. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. Oct. 26, 2008. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=127891
Original Photo: "Historic Commission-12380-3." 1971. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. Oct. 26, 2008. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=127891
Friday, November 14, 2008
Then and Now: 216-222 Market St, Philadelphia
The original photo is undated, though looking at the cars I would guess that it was taken sometime during the 70s or late 60s.
Original Image: "Historic Commission-12379-64" Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. Oc. 26, 2008. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=127871.
Tuesday, November 11, 2008
Then and Now: Southeast Corner of 2nd and Market, Philadelphia
Though its history as such seems well-hidden today, the corner of 2nd and Market was once the nexus of colonial Philadelphia. Originally known as High Street, for the first half of Philadelphia's history its median was occupied by market sheds which began at the docks and stretched as far west as the city had grown. Completed in 1710, the city's town hall and courthouse stood at this intersection in the center of High Street - at the city's civic and commercial core. By 1850, the High Street Market had stretched as far as 11 blocks to the west. The city's epicenter however, had shifted as well. The town hall was demolished in 1837, and the market sheds were abolished in 1858, only one year after the official renaming of High Street as Market Street. By the mid-20th century, the area now known as Old City had become a largely dilapidated warehouse and slum district.

Nonetheless, the corner has had some significance in Philly's recent past. It stands at the heart of a revitalized Old City, and it was here that Stephen Starr launched his first foray into restaurateur-dom over a decade ago by recreating the very retro Continental diner as a hip martini bar, planting the seeds of a restaurant empire that has been the major figurehead of Philadelphia's dining renaissance
Nonetheless, the corner has had some significance in Philly's recent past. It stands at the heart of a revitalized Old City, and it was here that Stephen Starr launched his first foray into restaurateur-dom over a decade ago by recreating the very retro Continental diner as a hip martini bar, planting the seeds of a restaurant empire that has been the major figurehead of Philadelphia's dining renaissance
Sources: Tatum, George B. Penn's Great Town. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1961.
Original Image: "Historic Commission-12825-34." 1972. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. Oct. 26, 2008. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=152629.
Picture of Town Hall: Public Works: 13112-0." 1916. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. Nov. 11, 2008. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=59923
Picture of Town Hall: Public Works: 13112-0." 1916. Philadelphia City Archives. PhillyHistory.org. Philadelphia Department of Records. Nov. 11, 2008. http://www.phillyhistory.org/PhotoArchive/MediaStream.ashx?mediaId=59923
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